نقدی بر رویکرد ضدبیّنه‌جویانۀ پلنتینگا، از منظر فلسفۀ دین کاربردی

نویسنده
نرگس نظرنژٰاد
دانشگاه الزهرا
چکیده
چکیده:

در پژوهش حاضر، از منظر فلسفه دین کاربردی، به نقد رویکرد ضدبیّنه­جویانه پلنتینگا پرداخته شده است؛ با این هدف که نشان داده شود چگونه موضعی در معرفت­شناسی، می­تواند تبعات عملی منفی در پی داشته باشد. ادعای اصلی مقاله این است که ورود به عصر پسامدرن و فاصله گرفتن اندیشمندانی چون پلنتینگا از عقلانیت عام و فرو نهادن معیارهای آن، از جمله وظیفه مستند کردن دعاوی، به بیّنه کافی، در نهایت سبب شده است تا عقل، یا به­کلی از حوزه مباحث دینی خارج گردد و یا از نوعی عقلانیت منطقه­ای،‌ سخن به میان آید. نتیجه این گذار،‌ در هر دو حالت، مسدود شدن باب گفتگو میان پیروان ادیان مختلف از یک سو و دینداران و غیردینداران، ‌از سوی دیگر، و در نهایت، محروم ماندن انسان­ها از در اختیار داشتن معیارهای عام و مورد وفاق، در نقد باورهای یکدیگر است. انسداد باب گفتگو و نقد، وقتی در کنار این واقعیت قرار می­گیرد که میان باورها و اعمال، پیوند وثیقی وجود دارد، مسأله ابعاد ناگوارتری می­یابد؛ زیرا با از میان رفتن معیارهای عام نقد باورها، نقد اعمال برآمده از آنـها نیز مقدور نخواهد بود و همه گروه­ها، از جمله گروه­های افراط­گرا می­توانند خود را معاف از پاسخگویی در قبال اعمالشان بدانند و عملا جنایات احتمالی خویش را نیز موجّه جلوه دهند.


کلیدواژه‌ها
افراطی‌گری
بینّه‌جویی
پسامدرنیسم
پلنتینگا
فلسفه دین کاربردی
عقلانیت

عنوان مقاله English

A Critique of Plantinga's Anti-Evidentialist Approach from the Perspective of Applied Philosophy of Religion

نویسنده English

Narges Nazarnejad
Alzahra University
چکیده English

Abstract

The current study examines Plantinga's anti-evidentialist position through the perspective of applied philosophy of religion, illustrating how epistemological positions can have detrimental practical effects. The article's main claim is that entering the postmodern era and distancing thinkers like Plantinga from general rationality and lowering its standards, including the duty to ground claims on sufficient evidence, has eventually caused reason to be excluded from religious dialogue or to talk about a kind of regional rationality. The consequence of this transformation is the obstruction of dialogue between followers of various religions on the one hand, and believers and non-believers on the other, and lastly, the deprivation of human beings of common and agreed-upon criteria for criticizing each other's beliefs. When the issue of obstruction of dialogue and critique is combined with the fact that there is a close link between beliefs and actions, the problem becomes even worse; because without general criteria for criticizing beliefs, it will be impossible to criticize the actions resulting from them, and all groups, including extremist groups, will be able to absolve themselves of responsibility for their actions and justify their possible crimes in practice.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

applied Philosophy of religion
evidentialism
extremism
Plantinga
Postmodernism
rationality
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